Cards gradually spread along the inland European trade routes during the 15th century as a favoured pastime of the upper classes. The account book of King Charles VI of France (now lost) is said to have noted a payment of 56 sols parisiens to Jacquemin Gringonneur for painting a deck of cards “pour le divertissement du roy” (“for the amusement of the king”). Like their originals, the first European cards were hand-painted, making them luxury goods for the rich.
Playing cards first appeared in Europe in the 1370s, probably in Italy or Spain and certainly as imports or possessions of merchants from the Islamic Mamlūk dynasty centred in Egypt. Courtesy of the Deutsches Spielkarten Museum, Bielefeld, Ger. Round painted ivory playing cards, probably from the Deccan, India, 18th century.
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